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A CLR stored procedure is a SQL Server procedure written using .NET managed code.
CLR (Common Language Runtime) stored procedures allow developers to write procedures in .NET languages like C# or VB.NET instead of traditional T-SQL. These procedures run within SQL Server's CLR environment, offering more flexibility and access to .NET libraries. CLR stored procedures are especially useful for tasks that require complex computations or string manipulations that are hard to perform in T-SQL.
CLR stored procedures bring enhanced flexibility and usability to SQL Server by allowing managed code execution inside the database. These procedures are especially useful for integrating with external systems and modernizing data access.
To use CLR stored procedures in SQL Server, the CLR integration must be enabled. Developers must create a .NET assembly (DLL) containing the stored procedure logic, register it in SQL Server, and define the procedure with the CREATE PROCEDURE statement. Input and output parameters must be properly mapped between SQL Server types and CLR types. Proper security settings, such as setting the correct PERMISSION_SET, must also be in place.
In the 2008/06 specification, CLR stored procedures must follow specific module structures for compliance. These procedures must include defined interfaces, structured metadata, and consistent parameter handling. Modules must be written in a managed .NET environment and registered as SQL assemblies. Additional features such as error handling, event logging, and integration with monitoring tools are encouraged to ensure production readiness.
Step 1: Enable CLR Integration in SQL Server.
Step 2: Write your procedure logic in C# or VB.NET within a Class Library project.
Step 3: Compile the project to create a .DLL assembly.
Step 4: Register the assembly in SQL Server using CREATE ASSEMBLY.
Step 5: Create the stored procedure using CREATE PROCEDURE referencing the assembly method.
Step 6: Grant required permissions and test the procedure using SQL Server Management Studio.
This process allows custom .NET code to run securely and efficiently within your SQL environment.
Understanding when and how to use CLR stored procedures can significantly improve database performance and code maintainability. These procedures shine in scenarios where T-SQL lacks native capabilities or performance optimizations. While not suitable for every use case, they offer a powerful option in your SQL Server toolbox. Use them wisely, with clear documentation and proper governance.
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